Child Development Supplement - Revision history

Talmujah: /* Recommendations for Using the CDS-2014 Weights */

2021-04-11T15:21:34Z

Recommendations for Using the CDS-2014 Weights

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	The case count for the PCG weight is 2,517 and the mean weight is 14,018.62, which (by construction) is very similar to the mean for Main Child Weight (14,061.74). The weighted total population of PCGs in CDS-2014 is 35 million.		The case count for the PCG weight is 2,517 and the mean weight is 14,018.62, which (by construction) is very similar to the mean for Main Child Weight (14,061.74). The weighted total population of PCGs in CDS-2014 is 35 million.

	~~====~~Recommendations for Using the CDS-2014 Weights~~====~~		'''Recommendations for Using the CDS-2014 Weights'''

	In this section, we summarize our recommendations for using the CDS-2014 weights. Our basic recommendation is for data users to always use the provided weights in all of their analyses. In addition, we recommend that, when calculating standard errors, data users should wherever possible account for the clustering of the CDS-2014 data by family. Standard errors should reflect the fact that siblings are more likely to have similar outcomes and characteristics than children selected at random. Controlling for family-level clustering of siblings also provides an appropriate correction due to clustering of families by household or neighborhood and recognizes the fact that generally it is only possible to control for a single level of clustering. Furthermore, when analyses focus on a subset of children (from either the full sample or the in-home component), data users should use an appropriate “sub-population” adjustment. Clustering-corrected standard errors and sub-population commands are available in most standard statistical software (including SAS and Stata).		In this section, we summarize our recommendations for using the CDS-2014 weights. Our basic recommendation is for data users to always use the provided weights in all of their analyses. In addition, we recommend that, when calculating standard errors, data users should wherever possible account for the clustering of the CDS-2014 data by family. Standard errors should reflect the fact that siblings are more likely to have similar outcomes and characteristics than children selected at random. Controlling for family-level clustering of siblings also provides an appropriate correction due to clustering of families by household or neighborhood and recognizes the fact that generally it is only possible to control for a single level of clustering. Furthermore, when analyses focus on a subset of children (from either the full sample or the in-home component), data users should use an appropriate “sub-population” adjustment. Clustering-corrected standard errors and sub-population commands are available in most standard statistical software (including SAS and Stata).

Talmujah: /* Summary of CDS-2014 Weights */

2021-04-11T15:21:20Z

Summary of CDS-2014 Weights

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	The CDS-2014 PCG weight was derived entirely from the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight. In particular, PCGs in CDS-2014 were assigned the average weight over all children for whom they were the responsible primary caregiver. For PCGs for whom there were no corresponding children in the sample (because no child interview components were completed and hence no child weight was constructed), a PCG weight was calculated based on imputed values for the missing child weights. Missing child weights were imputed based on predicted values from a regression model that included covariates from the child-level non-response model described above and the 2013 Core PSID weight.		The CDS-2014 PCG weight was derived entirely from the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight. In particular, PCGs in CDS-2014 were assigned the average weight over all children for whom they were the responsible primary caregiver. For PCGs for whom there were no corresponding children in the sample (because no child interview components were completed and hence no child weight was constructed), a PCG weight was calculated based on imputed values for the missing child weights. Missing child weights were imputed based on predicted values from a regression model that included covariates from the child-level non-response model described above and the 2013 Core PSID weight.

	~~====~~Summary of CDS-2014 Weights~~====~~		'''Summary of CDS-2014 Weights'''

	In Table 5.7 we list the CDS-2014 child weights and the PCG weight and present case counts and summary statistics. that the case count for the Main Child Weight (4,333) is approximately twice the count for the Child In-Home Weight, reflecting the fact that approximately half of the CDS-2014 sample was selected for the in-home component. The mean weight for the Child In-Home Weight (28,241.22) is correspondingly about twice as large as the mean weight for the Main Child Weight (14,061.74), reflecting the fact that these two samples both weight to the same national population of children. Note also that the weighted total population from both CDS-2014 samples is approximately 61 million children, which is about 83 percent of the estimated U.S. population of children aged 0–17 years of 73 million in 2013. The PSID count is lower primarily because it excludes children in post-1997 immigrant families and includes only about half of children in the youngest and oldest single-year age groups.		In Table 5.7 we list the CDS-2014 child weights and the PCG weight and present case counts and summary statistics. that the case count for the Main Child Weight (4,333) is approximately twice the count for the Child In-Home Weight, reflecting the fact that approximately half of the CDS-2014 sample was selected for the in-home component. The mean weight for the Child In-Home Weight (28,241.22) is correspondingly about twice as large as the mean weight for the Main Child Weight (14,061.74), reflecting the fact that these two samples both weight to the same national population of children. Note also that the weighted total population from both CDS-2014 samples is approximately 61 million children, which is about 83 percent of the estimated U.S. population of children aged 0–17 years of 73 million in 2013. The PSID count is lower primarily because it excludes children in post-1997 immigrant families and includes only about half of children in the youngest and oldest single-year age groups.

Talmujah: /* Method to Construct CDS-2014 PCG Weights */

2021-04-11T15:20:38Z

Method to Construct CDS-2014 PCG Weights

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	Half of the CDS-2014 families were randomly selected to receive an in-home visit. The selection process was probability-based, but all cases did not have an equal chance of selection for the in-home survey administration. To account for the subsampling of CDS families for in-home interview administration, the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight includes an additional sample selection adjustment to the Main Child Weight. These adjusted weights were then post-stratified to the ACS population control totals using a process identical to that described in Steps 4–6 above, except that due the smaller sample size for the in-home interviews a further collapsing of strata was necessary. Census region was dropped entirely from the post-stratification scheme and wider birth-year cells were used. The revised post-stratification scheme is shown in Table 5.6.		Half of the CDS-2014 families were randomly selected to receive an in-home visit. The selection process was probability-based, but all cases did not have an equal chance of selection for the in-home survey administration. To account for the subsampling of CDS families for in-home interview administration, the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight includes an additional sample selection adjustment to the Main Child Weight. These adjusted weights were then post-stratified to the ACS population control totals using a process identical to that described in Steps 4–6 above, except that due the smaller sample size for the in-home interviews a further collapsing of strata was necessary. Census region was dropped entirely from the post-stratification scheme and wider birth-year cells were used. The revised post-stratification scheme is shown in Table 5.6.

	~~====~~Method to Construct CDS-2014 PCG Weights~~====~~		'''Method to Construct CDS-2014 PCG Weights'''

	The CDS-2014 PCG weight was derived entirely from the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight. In particular, PCGs in CDS-2014 were assigned the average weight over all children for whom they were the responsible primary caregiver. For PCGs for whom there were no corresponding children in the sample (because no child interview components were completed and hence no child weight was constructed), a PCG weight was calculated based on imputed values for the missing child weights. Missing child weights were imputed based on predicted values from a regression model that included covariates from the child-level non-response model described above and the 2013 Core PSID weight.		The CDS-2014 PCG weight was derived entirely from the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight. In particular, PCGs in CDS-2014 were assigned the average weight over all children for whom they were the responsible primary caregiver. For PCGs for whom there were no corresponding children in the sample (because no child interview components were completed and hence no child weight was constructed), a PCG weight was calculated based on imputed values for the missing child weights. Missing child weights were imputed based on predicted values from a regression model that included covariates from the child-level non-response model described above and the 2013 Core PSID weight.

Talmujah: /* Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights */

2021-04-11T15:20:20Z

Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights

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	\|}		\|}

	~~====~~Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights~~====~~		'''Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights'''

	In this section, we provide a more detailed description of the process for constructing the CDS-2014 weights.		In this section, we provide a more detailed description of the process for constructing the CDS-2014 weights.

Talmujah: /* Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights */

2021-04-11T15:20:04Z

Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights

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	We provide further guidance on how researchers can conduct weighted analyses of other CDS-2014 components at the end of this chapter.		We provide further guidance on how researchers can conduct weighted analyses of other CDS-2014 components at the end of this chapter.

	~~=====~~Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights~~=====~~		'''Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights'''

	We first constructed the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight, which was then modified to produce the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight. The basic steps to producing these weights were as follows:		We first constructed the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight, which was then modified to produce the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight. The basic steps to producing these weights were as follows:

Talmujah: /* Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights */

2021-04-11T15:19:42Z

Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights

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	We provide further guidance on how researchers can conduct weighted analyses of other CDS-2014 components at the end of this chapter.		We provide further guidance on how researchers can conduct weighted analyses of other CDS-2014 components at the end of this chapter.

	====Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights====		=====Overview of Method to Construct CDS-2014 Child Weights=====

	We first constructed the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight, which was then modified to produce the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight. The basic steps to producing these weights were as follows:		We first constructed the CDS-2014 Main Child Weight, which was then modified to produce the CDS-2014 Child In-Home Weight. The basic steps to producing these weights were as follows:

Talmujah: /* Table 5.7. Summary of CDS-2014 Weights */

2021-04-11T15:17:32Z

Table 5.7. Summary of CDS-2014 Weights

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	In Table 5.7 we list the CDS-2014 child weights and the PCG weight and present case counts and summary statistics. that the case count for the Main Child Weight (4,333) is approximately twice the count for the Child In-Home Weight, reflecting the fact that approximately half of the CDS-2014 sample was selected for the in-home component. The mean weight for the Child In-Home Weight (28,241.22) is correspondingly about twice as large as the mean weight for the Main Child Weight (14,061.74), reflecting the fact that these two samples both weight to the same national population of children. Note also that the weighted total population from both CDS-2014 samples is approximately 61 million children, which is about 83 percent of the estimated U.S. population of children aged 0–17 years of 73 million in 2013. The PSID count is lower primarily because it excludes children in post-1997 immigrant families and includes only about half of children in the youngest and oldest single-year age groups.		In Table 5.7 we list the CDS-2014 child weights and the PCG weight and present case counts and summary statistics. that the case count for the Main Child Weight (4,333) is approximately twice the count for the Child In-Home Weight, reflecting the fact that approximately half of the CDS-2014 sample was selected for the in-home component. The mean weight for the Child In-Home Weight (28,241.22) is correspondingly about twice as large as the mean weight for the Main Child Weight (14,061.74), reflecting the fact that these two samples both weight to the same national population of children. Note also that the weighted total population from both CDS-2014 samples is approximately 61 million children, which is about 83 percent of the estimated U.S. population of children aged 0–17 years of 73 million in 2013. The PSID count is lower primarily because it excludes children in post-1997 immigrant families and includes only about half of children in the youngest and oldest single-year age groups.

	~~=====Table 5.7. Summary of CDS-2014 Weights=====~~

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Table 5.7. Summary of CDS-2014 Weights
	!colspan\|'''Weight description'''		!colspan\|'''Weight description'''
	!\|'''Variable Name'''		!\|'''Variable Name'''

Talmujah: /* Table 5.4. CDS-2014 Median Response Propensity and Weighting Adjustment Factor */

2021-04-11T15:17:06Z

Table 5.4. CDS-2014 Median Response Propensity and Weighting Adjustment Factor

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	Based on the estimated logistic regression model, predicted probabilities of response were computed for each CDS sample case and grouped into deciles. These decile groups served as the classes within which a uniform non-response weighting adjustment was applied.<ref>See Little, R.J.A. and Rubin, D.B. (2002). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, 2nd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons.</ref> Each respondent case was assigned a non-response adjustment factor equal to the inverse of the median predicted probability of successful CDS 2014-interview within its decile weighting class. The median response propensity and adjustment factor for each decile of the predicted probability response in CDS-2014 are shown in Table 5.4.		Based on the estimated logistic regression model, predicted probabilities of response were computed for each CDS sample case and grouped into deciles. These decile groups served as the classes within which a uniform non-response weighting adjustment was applied.<ref>See Little, R.J.A. and Rubin, D.B. (2002). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, 2nd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons.</ref> Each respondent case was assigned a non-response adjustment factor equal to the inverse of the median predicted probability of successful CDS 2014-interview within its decile weighting class. The median response propensity and adjustment factor for each decile of the predicted probability response in CDS-2014 are shown in Table 5.4.

	~~=====Table 5.4. CDS-2014 Median Response Propensity and Weighting Adjustment Factor=====~~

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Table 5.4. CDS-2014 Median Response Propensity and Weighting Adjustment Factor
	!colspan\|'''Response propensity decile'''		!colspan\|'''Response propensity decile'''
	!\|'''Median response propensity'''		!\|'''Median response propensity'''

Talmujah: /* Table 5.2. Summary of CDS-2014 Child Cases for Weights */

2021-04-11T15:16:47Z

Table 5.2. Summary of CDS-2014 Child Cases for Weights

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	Table 5.2 summarizes the CDS-2014 sample based on key features that shape the construction of the weights.		Table 5.2 summarizes the CDS-2014 sample based on key features that shape the construction of the weights.

	~~====Table 5.2. Summary of CDS-2014 Child Cases for Weights====~~

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Table 5.2. Summary of CDS-2014 Child Cases for Weights
	!colspan\|'''Description'''		!colspan\|'''Description'''
	!\|'''Count'''		!\|'''Count'''

Talmujah: /* Table 5.1. Use of CDS-2014 Weights for Analyzing Interview Data */

2021-04-11T15:16:02Z

Table 5.1. Use of CDS-2014 Weights for Analyzing Interview Data

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	For analysts using the Child Interview data, special care must be taken to choose the correct weight, because Child Interviews for one segment of the sample (children aged 8–11 years) were only conducted as part of the in-home component. Table 5.1 describes the appropriate weight to use based on the ages of children with Child Interview data being analyzed. Note that for analyses based on all children aged 8–17 who completed the Child Interview, the analyst must create a new variable with values equal to '''X14IHWGT''' for children aged 8–11 years and '''X14CHWGT''' for children aged 12–17 years.		For analysts using the Child Interview data, special care must be taken to choose the correct weight, because Child Interviews for one segment of the sample (children aged 8–11 years) were only conducted as part of the in-home component. Table 5.1 describes the appropriate weight to use based on the ages of children with Child Interview data being analyzed. Note that for analyses based on all children aged 8–17 who completed the Child Interview, the analyst must create a new variable with values equal to '''X14IHWGT''' for children aged 8–11 years and '''X14CHWGT''' for children aged 12–17 years.

	~~====Table 5.1. Use of CDS-2014 Weights for Analyzing Interview Data====~~


	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+ Table 5.1. Use of CDS-2014 Weights for Analyzing Interview Data
	!colspan\|'''Analysis sample'''		!colspan\|'''Analysis sample'''
	!\|'''Recommended weight'''		!\|'''Recommended weight'''